Beginners About Linux

 

1. What is Linux?

Linux is a free Unix-type operating system for computer devices. The operating system is what makes the hardware work together with the software. The OS is the interface that allows you to do the things you want with your computer. Linux is freely available to everyone.

 Linux gives you a graphical interface that makes it easy to use your computer, yet it still allows those with know-how to change settings by adjusting 0 to 1. 

 

2. Understanding files and folders

Linux is made with one thought in mind: Everything is a file.
A blank piece of paper is called a file in the world of computers. You can use this piece of paper to write a text or make a drawing. Your text or drawing is called information. A computer file is another way of storing your information. 

To organize our files into a system we use folders. The lowest possible folder is root / where you will find the user homes called /home/.

 


/
/home/
/home/mom/
/home/dad/

Your filesystems lowest folder root / contains the following folders:

/bin	Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)
/boot	Static files of the boot loader, only used at system startup
/dev	Device files, links to your hardware devices like /dev/sound, /dev/input/js0 (joystick)
/etc	Host-specific system configuration
/home	User home directories. This is where you save your personal files
/lib	Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
/mnt	Mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem like /mnt/cdrom
/opt	Add-on application software packages
/usr	/usr is the second major section of the filesystem. /usr is shareable, read-only data. That means that /usr should be shareable between various FHS-compliant hosts and must not be written to. Any information that is host-specific or varies with time is stored elsewhere.
/var	/var contains variable data files. This includes spool directories and files, administrative and logging data, and transient and temporary files.
/proc	System information stored in memory mirrored as files.

The only folder a normal user needs to use is

/home/you/

- this is where you will be keeping all your documents.

  /home/elvis/Documents
  /home/elvis/Music
  /home/elvis/Music/60s

Files are case sensitive, "myfile" and "MyFile" are two different files.

3. Who and what is root

Linux has one special user called root (this is the user name). Root is the "system administrator" and has access to all files and folders. This special user has the right to do anything.
You should never log on as this user unless you actually need to do something that requires it!
Use "su -"  to temporary become root and do the things you need, again: never log into your sytem as root!
Root is only for system maintenance, this is not a regular user (LindowsOS don't have any user management at all and uses root for everything, this is a very bad idea!).
You can execute a command as root with:
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su -c 'command done as root'

For The Next Step

Your first Linux commands	Open This Page
The basic commands	Open This Page

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